The Importance of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Therapy for Cancer

Abstract

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapy has emerged as a transformative strategy in cancer treatment, leveraging the unique regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs to address the limitations of traditional approaches. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted applications and intricate mechanisms of action underlying MSC therapy for cancer. MSCs exhibit remarkable tumor-targeting capabilities, harnessing their innate homing abilities for selective migration to tumor sites. This property is harnessed for targeted drug delivery, optimizing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing collateral damage to healthy tissues. Moreover, the immunomodulatory prowess of MSCs plays a pivotal role in shaping the tumor microenvironment. Through the suppression of pro-inflammatory signals and the promotion of antitumor immune responses, MSCs create a milieu that inhibits tumor growth. Engineered MSCs further serve as carriers for anticancer drugs, facilitating direct delivery to tumor sites and mitigating systemic toxicity. Additionally, the radioprotective effects of MSCs provide a unique opportunity to enhance the therapeutic window during radiotherapy, safeguarding healthy tissues. However, challenges such as achieving consistent tumor tropism, addressing safety concerns, and standardizing protocols underscore the need for ongoing research. Rigorous clinical trials are imperative to establish the safety profile and efficacy of MSC therapy across diverse cancer types. As we navigate these challenges, the promise of personalized and effective cancer treatments through MSC therapy continues to unfold, offering new hope for improved outcomes in the relentless battle against cancer.